Winding yarn



May 23, 1939.

w, LEA 2,159,032

WINDING YARN Filed Jan. 27, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 I NV EN'TO R /4 /'///'0m 6607a Lea ATTORNEYS W. G. LEA

WINDING YARN May 23, 1939.

Filed Jan. 27, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS May 23, 1939. w, E 2,159,032

WINDING YARN Filed Jan. 27, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR 1 /'///'0m Gorye [60 ATTO R N EYS May 23, 1939. w, G, LEA 2,159,032

WINDING YARN Filed Jan. 27, 19s"! 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fle INVENTOR VVM/Mm 630, 6 Zea ATTO R N EYS q Patented May 23, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE f WINDING YARN Application January 27, 1937, Serial No. 122,493

4 Claims. (01. 242-43) This invention relates towinding yarn or the like on bobbins or similar retaining means and is concerned particularly with winding yarn which is to be subjected to washing or comparable 5 treatment with' fluids while retained on the bobbin. The invention aims to produce a yarn package which is permeable to washing liquor and is so formed as to have a minimum of interconnected voids or channels through which the 10 washing liquor tends to pass in preference to diffusing uniformly t the yarn package.

In the production of viscose artificial silk, the

filaments, as they are formed, are withdrawn from a bath of coagulant or precipitant and col- 5 lected as a package on a bobbin or spool. Thereafter, it is customary to wash and desulphurize the resulting yarn package while still retaining it on the bobbin. In one of the heretofore customary practices this is accomplished by winding 2 the yarn on a bobbin made in the form of a foraminous drum. After winding, the drum is withdrawn from the winding machine and its ends are closed. Washing liquor is then forced through the yarn package either by immersing 25 the package in a bath and applying suction to the inside of the drum to draw the liquid through the package or by forcing the liquid into the in-' terior of the drum from whence it escapes through perforations and thence through the package-it- 30 self. In either case, it is important that the; yarn be wound on the drum in such a way as to' provide a minimum of inter-communicating voids through which the liquor will pass in preference to penetrating the package as a whole. A channel of such inter-communicating voids or spaces through the package 'oifers a relatively low resistance to the flow of fluids, and in many cases the, presence of such a channel short circuits the flow and thus completely prevents eifective o washing of the package, even when large quantitles of washing liquor are employed,

It has been customary heretofore to wind yarn onto a continuously rotated foraminous drum or bobbin through a reciprocating guide or 5 traverse which travels from end to end of the bobbin, the speed of travel being relatively great with respect to the speed of rotation ofthe bobbin, whereby the yarn is-placed on the bobbin asa series of sharply inclined helices, alternating 0 in direction, and with considerable distance between adjacent coils of each helix. This produces a so-calied "basket weave which is more bulky and contains a greater percentage of voids than is the case when the yarn is distributed on the 55 bobbin by a traverse which travel: at relatively .curs,;thus building up the ends of the package in a-nrm manner which will not slough or unis formed and at predetermined intervals a spiral being wound on the bobbin is displaced longilow speed as compared with the rotation speed of the bobbin. To some extent this tends to improve the washability" of the package because the package generally is more open and more easily penetrable by fluids. 5

7 However, the basket weave does not preclude the presence of channels through the package. Thus, if the yarn is wound on the bobbin in such a way that in a section cut longitudinally through the package each course or alternate helix lies 10 directly on top of the preceding course, a series of channels will be formed through the package. On' the other hand, if some of the courses or helices are staggered,'.the staggered helices or spirals will tend to cover the interstices between adjacent coils in the preceding spirals, and the presence of continuous channels through the package will be avoided.

As a result of my investigations I have de'veloped an improvement for winding rayon yarn or the like into a package on a rotating bobbin in a basket weave with longitudinally staggered spirals which cover the interstices between coils of a preceding'spiral. At the same time an overlapping of the ends of certain of the spirals ocravel even when subjected to much handling or to washing. In the practice of one modification of the invention, the yarn package is built with tapered ends,

a form which is convenient to handle.

Much of the value of'my invention lies in imparting to the traverse which winds the yarn on the bobbin, a motion such that a basket weave tudinally from the preceding spiral so as to flll interstices between coils ,of the preceding spiral and close off incipient channels. At the same time, and'without interfering with the non-chan- 40 neling result that is obtain my invention may provide for gradually shortening the traverse stroke during winding to build packages with tapered ends.

In the apparatus of my invention, bymeans of which the-'above-'des cribed results are obtained, there is a rotatable bobbin or other filament winding means with a filament guide adapted to reciprocate back and forth in the direction of the axis rotation of the bobbin or other filament winding means. The apparatus comprises a lever mounted on a fulcrum between the two end portions of the lever, a filament guide mounted on one end portionof the lever, means for si- 5,} Y

7 ing parallel sides.

turn the traverse arm imparts reciprocation to multaneously oscillating the fulcrum transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, and mechanical means connected to an end portion of the lever for oscillating this portion in synchronism with the fulcrum.

Means may also be provided for gradually increasing the distance between the fulcrum and the reciprocating means at the said one end portion of the lever, whereby the opposite end of the lever is caused to have a progressively decreasing stroke, which when transmitted to the traverse causes the winding filaments to form a package with tapered ends.

These and other aspects of my invention will be more clear in the light of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a mechanism of my invention for controlling traverse motion;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a preferred form of traverse mechanism of my invention;

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation, taken'along the line A-A of Fig. 2;

Fig.4 is a partial plan of the apparatus of Fig. 2; and

Figs. 5, 6 and '7 are detailed elevations of various parts of the apparatus of Fig. 2.

Referring now to Fig. 1, it will be seen'that the principal member of the apparatus is a lever J, disposed with its longitudinal axis more or less vertical and mounted on a pivot, such as a lu K, at a point about midway along the lever. The lug in turn is mounted on a horizontally disposed lower slider L which is adapted to reciprocate back and forth in a horizontal :direction. The upper end of the lever is slotted to receive a pin M, which is mounted on a second or upper slider N. This second slider is also adapted to reciprocate in a horizontal direction, preferably through a longer stroke than the first slider but at a fixed rate with respect thereto.

The rocking shaft 0, with its longitudinal axis at right angles to the first and second slider, passes through a large aperture P in the lower portion of the lever. The aperture'is defined by branches P, P" of the lever and is wide enough to permit the lever to swing through a full stroke without touching the rocking shaft. The extreme lower end of the lever is forked, to define a slot Q hav- Into the slot'Q is slidably fitted a wrist pin R which is mounted on a rocker arm S. The rocker arm S is fastened rigidly to the rocker shaft, which in turn carries at least one rigidly mounted traverse arm T, the lower end of which fits slidably into a horizontal cross member T. The cross member is adapted to slide longitudinally in supports or bearings .(not-shown). One or more filament guides U, V are mounted on the cross member.

Reciprocation of the upper slider causes the lever to swing. The swinging lever, through the rocking arm, causes the rocking shaft to rock back and forth, swinging the traverse arm. In

the cross member and the attached filament guides (which latter are disposed respectively adjacent rotatable bobbins W, X and oscillate back and forth along the length of the bobbins). Filaments Y, Z passing through the guides are thus wound in a series of spirals of alternating direction on the respective bobbins.

At the same-time, however, the lower slider is also reciprocated and this causes a periodic change in-the length of stroke of the lower end of the lever, which being-imparted to the filament guides, results in a periodic scrambling or staggering of the spirals of filaments being wound on the bobbins. Interstices between adjacent filaments in preceding spirals are thus overlapped, and the development of continuous channels in the cake of wound filaments through which washing solutions will pass in preference to penetrating the whole cake is precluded.

If a cake with tapered ends is desired, this is secured by gradually increasing the distance between the lug K at the pivot and the pin M on the upper slider, while the yarn is being wound through the guides onto the bobbins. If the lug and pin are both reciprocated through strokes of constant length, and the distance between them is increased gradually, the result is a gradual decrease in the length of stroke of the lower end of the lever, and in consequence a gradual decrease in the length of the stroke of the filament guides. As the stroke of the guides is decreased the lengths of the spirals of filaments formed on the bobbin grow progressively shorter as the cake of wound filments builds up.

In the apparatus of Fig. 1, this progressive shortening of stroke is obtained by gradually dropping guide L in which the lower slider is mounted.

The means for accomplishing the simultaneous horizontal reciprocation of both upper and lower sliders of Fig. 1 and the gradual increase in the distance between them is shown in detail in the other figures, to which attention is now-directed.

Referring now to Figs. 2, 3 and 4,, it will be seen that a plurality of horizontally disposed rotatable bobbins I, 1A, are placed side by side in the lower portion of the apparatus, and are retated by spiral gears 2, 2A mounted firmly on a horizontal drive shaft 3 running the length of the apparatus at right angles to the axes of rotation of the bobbins. The worm gears mesh respectively with spiral cogs 4, 4A fastened to shafts 5, 5A of the respective bobbins. The horizontal drive shaft is rotatable in synchronism with the traverse mechanism by a means such as a conventional compensating mechanism (not shown) which decreases the rotational speed of the bobbins as cakes of filaments build up on them.

In the apparatus illustrated, each bobbin shaft 5, 5A supports a bobbin at either end. This is a conventional system of mounting bobbins for rayon winding, the advantage of such a system being that a single mechanism serves to drive a plurality of guides and bobbins in synchronism with each other. It will be understood, however, that the 'invention is applicable to the control of a single filament guideand a single filament collecting means.

The bobbin shafts are each supported in a pair of bearings 6, 6A fastened respectively to opposite sides of a hollow base I of conventional form.

Extending lengthwise of the apparatus in a horizontal line above the center of the base is a rocking shaft 8 supported in conventional bearings (not shown).

A plurality of traverse arms 9 (one for each bobbin shaft) are clamped on the rocking shaft by collars l0 and hang from the rocking shaft.

Each traverse arm (through a slotted horizontally slidable connector 9A supported on horizontal rods 93, 90, which are fastened to a housing l4) connects with a horizontal guide arm II, which is supported inbearlngs l2, I3 in the the bobbins to be wound. As the rocking shaft is swung back and forth,the guide arm reciprocates so that the guides move back and forth to wind the filaments along the bobbins.

In the apparatus shown in Figs. 2, 3'and 4, only one traverse control mechanism is provided for a plurality of pairs of bobbins. The action of the traverse control mechanism is dependent upon the movement imparted to a main lever H. The lower end of this lever is connected to a rocking arm ll through a wrist pin it which is slidably mounted in a longitudinal slot in the lever. The

rocking arm is fastened rigidly at its upper end to the rocking shaft by a split collar II.

The mainlever is suspended on a horizontal pivot lug 2i mounted above the rocking shaft 4 with its longitudinal axis parallel thereto.

Before proceeding further, it is desirable to consider the main lever in detail. It hangs more or less vertically on the pivot lug at about its midpoint. Just below the point of mounting, the lever has an expanded portion 22, defined by two outwardly bent side pieces or branches ll, 1|, between whichthe rocking shaft passes.- The distance between the twoside pieces is such as to permit'the lever to swing through its maximum stroke without touching the rocking shaft.

It would be possible to dispense with the rocking shaft altogether by mounting the horizontal,

guide arm II or the guides themselves directly on the lower end of the main lever. The rocking shaft is only employed so that it may support a plurality ofguide arms and guides, and thus avoid placing additional weight on the main lever. It would also be feasible to mountthe rocking shaft to one side of the main lever and still impart a rocking motion to it through the rocking arm. In either .of these cases it would be unnecessary to have the expanded portion in the main lever with the hole between. However, the illustrated type of structure is preferable because it is symmetrical and permits many traverses to be controlled by a single mechanism.

The portion of the main lever extending above the pivot lug has a longitudinal slot in its upper end defined by two sides 26, 21. In the slot is slidably disposed a pin 28 which is fastened at its front to a horizontally disposed upper slider '20 which is adapted to be reciprocated in a horizontal direction through a constant and relatively long stroke. Y

The pivot lug upon which the main lever hangs is mounted on a lower slider 30 which is adapted to bev reciprocated horizontally through a constant but relatively shorter stroke than the upper slider 20. The lower slider 3 0 is slidably mounted in a guide member Ii which is grooved horizontally at either end to accommodate said lower slider. The guide member is adapted to be lowered gradually and progressively during the operation of the apparatus, thereby increasing the distance between the fulcrum lug and the pin on the upper? slider. p

The In er in which the main lever functions will now be apparent. The upper slider reciprocates through its relatively long stroke and swings the upper end of the main lever through this stroke, sothat the filsment guides are swung back and forth along the length of the bobbins. Simultaneously the pivot upon which the lever swings is also reciprocated back and forth through a constant but shorter stroke, preferably in a constant timed relationship with the motion of the upper end of the slider. Thus periodically the horizontal movement of the lower end of the main lever is increased and decreased and then increased again, so that staggering and overlapping of successive spirally wound layers of filaments occur on the bobbins.

At the same time, if filament packages with tapered ends are desired, the pivot lug is lowered progressively during the winding. This has the effect of increasing the distance between the fulcrum lug and the pin on the upper slider. This, in turn, increasesmechanical advantage in favor of the upper portion of the main lever as com: pared with the lower portion thereof, which has the effect of progressively shortening the average horizontal movement of the lower end. of the main lever, with a consequent shortening of the average stroke of the filament guides. If a square ended filament package is desired, means for progressively lowering the pivot lug may be eliminated from the machine, or better still, included in the machine with means for rendering it inmative when square-ended packages are de- The upper slider carrying the pin on its rear face has a pair of horizontal pins 32, 33 on its front face, spaced equidistant from the middle of the slider.. Each pin has a roller 34, 35 mounted concentrically on it, and fitted between the two rollers is an eccentric heartshaped cam, mounted on a horizontal drive shaft 31 which extends parallel to the rocking shaft at about the same elevations as the rollers. Theshaft 31 is adapted to be turned continuously from a horizontal main drive mechanism such as a motor (not shown) through any of the conventional compensator mechanisms (not shown) for decreasing the speedof rotation of the bobbin as the filament is built up on it. The same compensating mechanism preferably also is employed for rotating the horizontal shaft 3 for example, through a pair of mitre gears ill, iti, a vertical shaft III, and another pair of mitre gears I03, I. As shown in Fig. 2, the mitre gear Hill is mounted on the drive shaft 31, the vertical shaft carries the gears III, I, and the remaining mitre gear illl is mounted on the shaft 3.

The shaft I'I issupported in abearing 38 formed integrally with a support 39 which in turn rests on the traverse mechanism housing It.

Rotation of the shaft 31 causes the heartshaped cam to bear first against one of the rollers and then against the other, causing the upper slider to reciprocate and swing the upper end of the main lever back and forth. I prefer to employ the heart-shaped cam, because of the improved motion it imparts to the filament guide. However, if desired, a simple eccentrically-disposed circular c am may be employed, or cams of other shapes may be used.

Now considering the portion of the. mechanism employed to reciprocate the lower slider upon bearing 38, is formed integrally with v the support 39. At its rear end the auxiliary shaft rests in a bearing I! which in turnis fastened to traverse mechanism housing H. A gear 43 mounted on the front of the auxiliary shaft meshes with an idler gear 44 which is rotatably mounted on a stud 45 which fastens into the support 39. The idler gear in turn meshes with a gear 31A fastened rigidly on the shaft 31. At the rear of the auxiliary shaft is fastened a 45 mitre gear 46 which meshes with a companion mitre gear 41 mounted on a vertical axis at the rear of the mechanism. The companion gear 41 is keyed slidably on a vertical shaft 48 by means of a key 49, so that while both vertical shaft and companion gear may be rotated together, the shaft may slide up and down as the occasion requires.

The vertical shaft is carried in a telescopic bearing 50, the upper portion 5| of which is slidable inside thelower portion 52. The upper portion is fastened to the rear bearing 42 of the auxiliary shaft 40. The lower portion is carried by a bracket 53 which in turn is mounted on the rear of the guide member 3| which carries the lower slider on which the fulcrum is mounted. A 45 mitre gear 54 is mounted rigidly onthe bottom of the vertical shaft. A collar 55, carried inside the lower portion of the telescope bearing and rigidly mounted on the vertical shaft, ,takes the thrust of the vertical shaft and keeps it in constant vertical relationship with the lower portion of the telescopic bearing.

A short horizontal shaft 56 is rotatably mounted in and passes through the bracket 53 and the guide member 3|. A 45 mitre gear 51 is rigidly mounted on the rear of the short shaft in continduring the winding operation,

uous engagement with the mitre gear carried on the lower end of the vertical shaft. A small heart-shaped cam 58 is rigidly and 'eccentrically mounted on the front of the short shaft between a pair of rollers 59, 60, carried respectively on pins 8|, 62 mounted on the rear face of thelower slider 39.

The pivot lug 2| is thus reciprocated by power transmitted from the, horizontal drive shaft through the gear train 31A, 44, 43, the auxiliary shaft 40, the mitre gears 45, 41, the vertical shaft 48, the mitre gears 54, 51, the short horizontal shaft 56, and the circular cam 58, allot which rotate in synchronism. The rotation of the circular cam causes the rollers 59, 60 and the lower slider to reciprocate horizontally, thus imparting horizontal reciprocation to the pivot lug.

Having considered the means whereby horizontal reciprocation is imparted to the lower and upper sliders, there remains to, be described the means whereby the vertical distance between these two sliders may be progressively increased to the end that the averagetraverse stroke is progressively decreased and the package with tapered ends is wound.

The upper slider 29 projects through the sides of the housing and on one end is bolted a downwardly-projecting vertical strap 63 which in turn carries a wedge 64 pointing in toward the housing and having an inclined surface sloping in the direction of the housing. Resting on the upper surface of the wedge is an end of a ratchet lever 65 which is rotatably mounted on a horizontal shaft 66 passing through the back. A ratchet wheel 61 is rigidly mounted on the shaft 66 and on the upper face of ratchet lever 65 a ratchet pawl 68 is mounted. (See Fig. 6.)

As the upper slider is reciprocated, the wedge is also reciprocated, thus periodically pressing the ratchet lever up and then-permitting it to drop. The ratchet pawl carried on the ratchet lever thus periodically engages the ratchet wheel and turns 89 is mounted on the housing I4 and housing from front to,

it and the horizontal shaft 68 to which it is attached in aclockwise direction as viewed from the front. (See Fig. 6.)

At the rear end of the shaft 66 a gear 69 is rigidly mounted. This gear meshes with another gear 10 disposed at the outside thereof and mounted rigidly on a horizontal shaft 1| which runs lengthwise of the machine, i. e., parallel to the rocking shaft (see Fig. 4) The shaft 1| also carries a rigidly mounted worm 12. The worm engages a worm Wheel 13 disposed on a horizontal axis above the worm and at right angles thereto. The worm wheel is rigidly mounted on a shaft 14 parallel to the upper slider and at about the same elevation but disposed behind it in the machine. On the left end of the shaft 14, as viewed from the front, a pinion 15 is fastened. (See Fig. 5.)

Another horizontal shaft 16 is mounted in a pair of bearings 11, 18 fastened in the housing near the respective extremities of said shaft. The shaft 15 is disposed parallel to, but substantially below, the shaft 14, and carries a pair of pinions 19, 89 which engage respectively a pair of vertical racks 8|, 82 mounted on the sliding member 3|, upon which the lower slider is mounted.

The sliding member 3| is providedwith vertical rails 83, 84 formed integrally therewith on both sides, said rails being slidably mounted respectively in vertical guides 85, 86 which are fastoned to the housing |4.

The right end of shaft 16, viewed from the front, carries a rigidly mounted spur pinion 81, and a rotatably mounted sector arm 88. (See Fig. 5.) The sector arm slants upwardly to the rear of the machine from the shaft 16, and at its upper end is provided with an arched groove, through which a keeper 89 passes. The keeper is adapted to clamp the sector arm to the housing.

About midway upon the sector arm and. meshing with the spur pinion 81 on the shaft 16 is an idler pinion 99. The idler pinion also meshes with the pinion 15 which, as indicated hereinbefore, is mounted on the right end of the shaft 14.

On the end of the shaft 14 opposite bearing The shaft 1| which carries the pinion 19 and the worm 12 is'mounted in a horizontal bearing fastened to a bracket 92 which is rotatable around the shaft 66 on which its inner end is fastened (see Fig. 7). On the lower side and at the outer end of the bracket is a button 93. When packages with tapered ends are to be formed the button is held up by a rest 94 pivoted around a shaft 95 and having a counterweight 96 fastened to it by a lever 91. I The counterweight rests on a horizontal shelf 98 fastened to the outside of the housing on the left side of the machine as viewed from the front. When the counterweight is raised to a position slightly above the shelf, the bracket drops and disengages one to be progressively shortened as the filaments build up on the bobbins, the pivot lug upon which the main lever is mounted is progressively lowered so that the ratio of the distance from upper slider to pivot lugto the .distance from pivot lug to lower end of the main lever is gradu ally increased. This is accomplished by means of the reciprocating upper slider 29 which periodically, i. e., for each complete rotation of the shaft 31, pushes the .wedge 64 in against the pawl lever 65 and thus causes the pawl ratchet 68 to push the sprocket 61 through a fixed number of degrees in a clockwise direction.

If the counterweight 96 is dropped onto the shelf 98, so that the worm I2 engages the worm wheel 13, the rotation of the ratchet 61 will be imparted to th e worm wheel through the shaft 66, the pinions 69,- 10, the shaft H and the worm l2. Rotation of the worm'wheel in turn causes the shaft II to turn and with it the pinion 15. The rotation of pinion 15 is imparted to the shaft I6 through the idler pinion 90 and the pinion 81. Rotation of the shaft 16 causes the pinions'l9, to lower the racks 8i and 82 and with the racks the sliding member 3| which carries the lower slider with the pivot lug 2i mounted upon it.

When the packages have been wound the counterweight is raisedand the bracket drops so that worm and worm gear are disengaged. Then by turning the hand wheel so that the direction of rotation of the shaft [4 is reversed, the sliding member 3| is moved up again to the starting position.

is lowered the reciprocation of the lower slider 30 is not interfered with, because the shaft 8 connecting the two sets of mitre gears 48, 41; 54, Slat the rear of the machineyin effect becomes long'er'because of the sliding key 49.

The two cams 36, 58 of the apparatus preferably turn in the same direction in the apparatus just described, although this is not necessary. Preferably the various gear ratios are such that the upper and larger cam 36 makes two complete revolutions for every revolution of the lower and smaller cam 58.

v The relative size of the upper-and lower cams will depend upon the particular pattern of winding desired on the bobbin. In general, however,

the cam 36 should have about ten times the throw of the smaller cam.

It will be apparent that modifications in the mechanism described hereinbefore may be made by men skilled in the art without, however, departing from the -basic concept of my invention.

I claim:

1-. In a traverse mechanism in which a filament guide is reciprocable back and forth in the direction of the axis of rotation of a filament winding 'means, the combination which comprises a lever slot d longitudinally at both end portions and mo I ted on a pivot at a point between the two end: portions of the lever, means for oscillating axis of the lever and slidable longitudinally in It will be noted times the sliding member 1| end portion transversely to the longitudinal vthe slot in said end portion, means for simul- 2. In a traverse mechanism in which a filament I guide is movable back and forth in the direction of the ax s of. rotation of a filament winding means, the combination which comprises a lever mounted on a pivot between the two end portions of the lever, both end portions of the lever having a longitudinal slot therein, a member slidable in the slot in one end portion, means for oscillating said member transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, means for simultaneously oscillating the pivot in the direction of oscillation of said member, means for simultaneously increasing the distance between said member and the pivot, and mechanical means connected slidably in the slot in the other end portion of the lever for oscillating the filament guide in synchronlsm with the lever.

3. In a transverse mechanism in which a filament guide is reciprocable in the direction of the axis of rotation of a filament winding means, the combination which comprises a lever mounted on a first pivot at a point between its end portions, means for oscillating the first pivot transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, a second pivot connected to oneend of the lever but slidable longitudinally with respect thereto, means for oscillating the second pivot transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, a third pivot connected to the other end of the lever but slidable longitudinally with respect thereto, a mechanism connected to said third pivot for oscillating the filament guide in synchronism with the lever and means for increasing the distance between the first and second pivot while the two are oscillated.

4. In a traverse mechanism in which a filament guide is movable back and forth in the direction of the axis of rotation of a filament winding means,-the combination which comprises a lever mounted on a pivot between the end portions thereof, means for oscillating the pivot transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever,

portion thereof to the filament guide.

WILLIAM GEORGE LEA. 

